HTML 编码（字符集）

要正确显示 HTML 页面，Web 浏览器必须知道要使用哪个字符集。

HTML 字符集属性

字符集在标记中指定：<meta>

1	<meta charset="UTF-8">

HTML5 规范鼓励 Web 开发人员使用 UTF-8 字符集。

UTF-8 几乎涵盖了世界上所有的字符和符号！

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[完整的 UTF-8 参考]

ASCII 字符集

ASCII 是 Web 的第一个字符编码标准。它定义了 128 个可以在互联网上使用的不同字符：

英文字母（A-Z）
数字（0-9）
特殊字符，如！$ + - ( ) @ < >.

ANSI 字符集

ANSI （Windows-1252）是原始的 Windows 字符集：

与前 127 个字符的 ASCII 相同
从 128 到 159 的特殊字符
与 UTF-8 相同，从 160 到 255

1	<meta charset="Windows-1252">

ISO-8859-1 字符集

ISO-8859-1 是 HTML 4 的默认字符集。此字符集支持 256 种不同的字符代码。HTML 4 还支持 UTF-8。

与前 127 个字符的 ASCII 相同
不使用 128 到 159 之间的字符
与 ANSI 和 UTF-8 相同，从 160 到 255

### HTML 4 示例

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1">

### HTML 5 示例

<meta charset="ISO-8859-1">

UTF-8 字符集

对于从 0 到 127 的值，与 ASCII 相同
不使用 128 到 159 之间的字符
与 ANSI 和 8859-1 相同，从 160 到 255
从值 256 继续到 10 000 个字符

1	<meta charset="UTF-8">

[完整的 HTML 字符集参考]

字符集之间的差异

下表显示了上述字符集之间的差异：

Numb	ASCII	ANSI	8859	UTF‑8	Description
32					space
33	`!`	`!`	`!`	`!`	exclamation mark
34	`"`	`"`	`"`	`"`	quotation mark
35	`#`	`#`	`#`	`#`	number sign
36	`$`	`$`	`$`	`$`	dollar sign
37	`%`	`%`	`%`	`%`	percent sign
38	`&`	`&`	`&`	`&`	ampersand
39	`'`	`'`	`'`	`'`	apostrophe
40	`(`	`(`	`(`	`(`	left parenthesis
41	`)`	`)`	`)`	`)`	right parenthesis
42	`*`	`*`	`*`	`*`	asterisk
43	`+`	`+`	`+`	`+`	plus sign
44	`,`	`,`	`,`	`,`	comma
45	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	hyphen-minus
46	`.`	`.`	`.`	`.`	full stop
47	`/`	`/`	`/`	`/`	solidus
48	0	0	0	0	digit zero
49	1	1	1	1	digit one
50	2	2	2	2	digit two
51	3	3	3	3	digit three
52	4	4	4	4	digit four
53	5	5	5	5	digit five
54	6	6	6	6	digit six
55	7	7	7	7	digit seven
56	8	8	8	8	digit eight
57	9	9	9	9	digit nine
58	`:`	`:`	`:`	`:`	colon
59	`;`	`;`	`;`	`;`	semicolon
60	`<`	`<`	`<`	`<`	less than
61	`=`	`=`	`=`	`=`	equals sign
62	`>`	`>`	`>`	`>`	greater than
63	`?`	`?`	`?`	`?`	question mark
64	`@`	`@`	`@`	`@`	commercial at
65	A	A	A	A	Latin A
66	B	B	B	B	Latin B
67	C	C	C	C	Latin C
68	D	D	D	D	Latin D
69	E	E	E	E	Latin E
70	F	F	F	F	Latin F
71	G	G	G	G	Latin G
72	H	H	H	H	Latin H
73	I	I	I	I	Latin I
74	J	J	J	J	Latin J
75	K	K	K	K	Latin K
76	L	L	L	L	Latin L
77	M	M	M	M	Latin M
78	N	N	N	N	Latin N
79	O	O	O	O	Latin O
80	P	P	P	P	Latin P
81	Q	Q	Q	Q	Latin Q
82	R	R	R	R	Latin R
83	S	S	S	S	Latin S
84	T	T	T	T	Latin T
85	U	U	U	U	Latin U
86	V	V	V	V	Latin V
87	W	W	W	W	Latin W
88	X	X	X	X	Latin X
89	Y	Y	Y	Y	Latin Y
90	Z	Z	Z	Z	Latin Z
91	`[`	`[`	`[`	`[`	left square bracket
92	```	```	```	```	reverse solidus
93	`]`	`]`	`]`	`]`	right square bracket
94	`^`	`^`	`^`	`^`	circumflex accent
95	`_`	`_`	`_`	`_`	low line
96	```	```	```	```	grave accent
97	a	a	a	a	Latin small a
98	b	b	b	b	Latin small b
99	c	c	c	c	Latin small c
100	d	d	d	d	Latin small d
101	e	e	e	e	Latin small e
102	f	f	f	f	Latin small f
103	g	g	g	g	Latin small g
104	h	h	h	h	Latin small h
105	i	i	i	i	Latin small i
106	j	j	j	j	Latin small j
107	k	k	k	k	Latin small k
108	l	l	l	l	Latin small l
109	m	m	m	m	Latin small m
110	n	n	n	n	Latin small n
111	o	o	o	o	Latin small o
112	p	p	p	p	Latin small p
113	q	q	q	q	Latin small q
114	r	r	r	r	Latin small r
115	s	s	s	s	Latin small s
116	t	t	t	t	Latin small t
117	u	u	u	u	Latin small u
118	v	v	v	v	Latin small v
119	w	w	w	w	Latin small w
120	x	x	x	x	Latin small x
121	y	y	y	y	Latin small y
122	z	z	z	z	Latin small z
123	`{`	`{`	`{`	`{`	left curly bracket
124	\|	\|	\|	\|	vertical line
125	`}`	`}`	`}`	`}`	right curly bracket
126	`~`	`~`	`~`	`~`	tilde
127	`DEL`
128		`€`			euro sign
129					NOT USED
130		`‚`			single low-9 quotation mark
131		`ƒ`			Latin small f with hook
132		`„`			double low-9 quotation mark
133		`…`			horizontal ellipsis
134		`†`			dagger
135		`‡`			double dagger
136		`ˆ`			modifier letter circumflex accent
137		`‰`			per mille sign
138		`Š`			Latin S with caron
139		`‹`			single left-pointing angle quotation mark
140		`Œ`			Latin capital ligature OE
141					NOT USED
142		`Ž`			Latin Z with caron
143					NOT USED
144					NOT USED
145		`‘`			left single quotation mark
146		`’`			right single quotation mark
147		`“`			left double quotation mark
148		`”`			right double quotation mark
149		`•`			bullet
150		`–`			en dash
151		`—`			em dash
152		`˜`			small tilde
153		`™`			trade mark sign
154		`š`			Latin small s with caron
155		`›`			single right-pointing angle quotation mark
156		`œ`			Latin small ligature oe
157					NOT USED
158		`ž`			Latin small z with caron
159		`Ÿ`			Latin Y with diaeresis
160					no-break space
161		`¡`	`¡`	`¡`	inverted exclamation mark
162		`¢`	`¢`	`¢`	cent sign
163		`£`	`£`	`£`	pound sign
164		`¤`	`¤`	`¤`	currency sign
165		`¥`	`¥`	`¥`	yen sign
166		`¦	`¦	`¦`	broken bar
167		`§`	`§`	`§`	section sign
168		`¨`	`¨`	`¨`	diaeresis
169		`©`	`©`	`©`	copyright sign
170		`ª`	`ª`	`ª`	feminine ordinal indicator
171		`«`	`«`	`«`	left-pointing double angle quotation mark
172		`¬`	`¬`	`¬`	not sign
173					soft hyphen
174		`®`	`®`	`®`	registered sign
175		`¯`	`¯`	`¯`	macron
176		`°`	`°`	`°`	degree sign
177		`±`	`±`	`±`	plus-minus sign
178		`²`	`²`	`²`	superscript two
179		`³`	`³`	`³`	superscript three
180		`´`	`´`	`´`	acute accent
181		`µ`	`µ`	`µ`	micro sign
182		`¶`	`¶`	`¶`	pilcrow sign
183		`·`	`·`	`·`	middle dot
184		`¸`	`¸`	`¸`	cedilla
185		`¹`	`¹`	`¹`	superscript one
186		`º`	`º	`º`	masculine ordinal indicator
187		`»`	`»`	`»`	right-pointing double angle quotation mark
188		¼	¼	¼	vulgar fraction one quarter
189		½	½	½	vulgar fraction one half
190		¾	¾	¾	vulgar fraction three quarters
191		¿	¿	¿	inverted question mark
192		À	À	À	Latin A with grave
193		Á	Á	Á	Latin A with acute
194		Â	Â	Â	Latin A with circumflex
195		Ã	Ã	Ã	Latin A with tilde
196		Ä	Ä	Ä	Latin A with diaeresis
197		Å	Å	Å	Latin A with ring above
198		Æ	Æ	Æ	Latin AE
199		Ç	Ç	Ç	Latin C with cedilla
200		È	È	È	Latin E with grave
201		É	É	É	Latin E with acute
202		Ê	Ê	Ê	Latin E with circumflex
203		Ë	Ë	Ë	Latin E with diaeresis
204		Ì	Ì	Ì	Latin I with grave
205		Í	Í	Í	Latin I with acute
206		Î	Î	Î	Latin I with circumflex
207		Ï	Ï	Ï	Latin I with diaeresis
208		Ð	Ð	Ð	Latin Eth
209		Ñ	Ñ	Ñ	Latin N with tilde
210		Ò	Ò	Ò	Latin O with grave
211		Ó	Ó	Ó	Latin O with acute
212		Ô	Ô	Ô	Latin O with circumflex
213		Õ	Õ	Õ	Latin O with tilde
214		Ö	Ö	Ö	Latin O with diaeresis
215		×	×	×	multiplication sign
216		Ø	Ø	Ø	Latin O with stroke
217		Ù	Ù	Ù	Latin U with grave
218		Ú	Ú	Ú	Latin U with acute
219		Û	Û	Û	Latin U with circumflex
220		Ü	Ü	Ü	Latin U with diaeresis
221		Ý	Ý	Ý	Latin Y with acute
222		Þ	Þ	Þ	Latin Thorn
223		ß	ß	ß	Latin small sharp s
224		à	à	à	Latin small a with grave
225		á	á	á	Latin small a with acute
226		â	â	â	Latin small a with circumflex
227		ã	ã	ã	Latin small a with tilde
228		ä	ä	ä	Latin small a with diaeresis
229		å	å	å	Latin small a with ring above
230		æ	æ	æ	Latin small ae
231		ç	ç	ç	Latin small c with cedilla
232		è	è	è	Latin small e with grave
233		é	é	é	Latin small e with acute
234		ê	ê	ê	Latin small e with circumflex
235		ë	ë	ë	Latin small e with diaeresis
236		ì	ì	ì	Latin small i with grave
237		í	í	í	Latin small i with acute
238		î	î	î	Latin small i with circumflex
239		ï	ï	ï	Latin small i with diaeresis
240		ð	ð	ð	Latin small eth
241		ñ	ñ	ñ	Latin small n with tilde
242		ò	ò	ò	Latin small o with grave
243		ó	ó	ó	Latin small o with acute
244		ô	ô	ô	Latin small o with circumflex
245		õ	õ	õ	Latin small o with tilde
246		ö	ö	ö	Latin small o with diaeresis
247		÷	÷	÷	division sign
248		ø	ø	ø	Latin small o with stroke
249		ù	ù	ù	Latin small u with grave
250		ú	ú	ú	Latin small u with acute
251		û	û	û	Latin small with circumflex
252		ü	ü	ü	Latin small u with diaeresis
253		ý	ý	ý	Latin small y with acute
254		þ	þ	þ	Latin small thorn
255		ÿ	ÿ	ÿ	Latin small y with diaeresis